Healthy Living & Eating with Diabetes

When it comes to managing blood sugar levels, the glycaemic index (GI) often gets most of the attention — but it’s only half the story. The glycaemic load (GL) brings in the missing piece: portion size. Glycaemic Index (GI) measures how quickly a carbohydrate-containing food raises blood glucose. High-GI foods like white bread or sugary cereals cause a sharp spike, while low-GI foods such as oats, lentils, and most fruits release energy more gradually.

But even the healthiest low-GI foods can raise blood sugar if eaten in large amounts — and that’s where Glycaemic Load (GL) comes in. GL considers both the quality (how fast) and the quantity (how much) of carbs you eat. This is where portion control becomes powerful. High-fiber, minimally processed carbs — like brown rice, lentils, or whole oats — are great choices. But finding your personal carb threshold is key. Everyone’s body responds differently to carbohydrate portions based on factors like insulin sensitivity, muscle mass, and activity level.

Bottom line:

• Choose high-fiber, low-GI carbs most often.
• Be mindful of portion sizes — even “healthy carbs” can impact your blood sugar if the portion is too big.
• Pay attention to how your body feels and what your glucose readings show — that’s the best guide to your personal balance between GI and portion size.

LET'S GET INTO MORE DETAIL

What Do GI and GL Actually Mean?

Think of the Glycaemic Index (GI) as a speed rating for carbohydrates — how fast they raise your blood glucose compared with pure glucose (which scores 100). Researchers developed this by feeding volunteers test portions containing 50 g of digestible carbohydrate, then tracking their blood sugar response over two hours. The resulting area under the glucose curve, expressed relative to glucose, became the GI.

In simple terms:

• Faster digestion and absorption = higher GI
• More fiber, intact structure, protein, or fat = slower rise and lower GI

However, GI alone has a blind spot: it doesn’t consider how much carbohydrate you actually eat. That’s where Glycaemic Load (GL) comes in.

The formula is simple: GL = (GI × grams of carbohydrate in your serving) ÷ 100

GL shows the real impact on blood glucose for your portion size. For example, watermelon looks “high” on GI tables (~72) but has a low GL (~5 per cup) because it’s mostly water and low in carbs. On the other hand, a big bowl of white rice combines a moderate-to-high GI with a hefty carb load — sending GL (and blood sugar) soaring. Today, international databases list thousands of foods with both GI and GL values so you can compare them side by side — and get a truer sense of how foods behave in real life.

Why GL Matters More for People with Diabetes

For anyone managing diabetes, post-meal glucose control is critical for both short-term comfort and long-term health.
While GI gives a clue, GL offers a more realistic picture, because it factors in both carbohydrate quality and portion size.
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) notes that using GI and GL can offer a modest benefit for blood sugar control beyond simply counting carbs. Meta-analyses, including Cochrane reviews, show that low-GI and low-GL diets can help lower HbA1c and reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. In other words, GL isn’t just theoretical — it’s a practical, evidence-based tool for steadier blood sugar control.

The Foods You Actually Eat: GI and GL in Everyday Portions

Let’s look at how GI and GL play out across real meals.

Breakfast: 
Oats are a good place to start. Steel-cut or traditional rolled oats have a low-to-moderate GI thanks to their structure and soluble fiber, resulting in a modest GL per serving. Adding yogurt or nuts lowers the curve even more. Instant oats, on the other hand, have a higher GI because processing breaks down the starch, allowing faster digestion.

For bread, white sandwich loaves typically test high GI, so two slices can deliver a moderate GL. Choosing dense, true whole-grain bread brings both GI and GL down.

Lunch:
A cooked cup of white rice has a moderate-to-high GI and about 40–45 g of carbs — a high GL combination that can drive post-meal spikes. Swapping rice for lentils or chickpeas dramatically lowers the impact. These legumes are classic low-GI, low-GL foods, rich in viscous fiber and resistant starch. 

If rice is a must, technique helps: cook and cool it before reheating. This increases resistant starch, which reduces glucose response — a fact confirmed in randomized crossover trials.

Fruit also shows the GI vs. GL contrast:

• A medium apple has a low GI and low GL.
• A ripe banana has a slightly higher GI and moderate GL.
• Watermelon scores high on GI but has a low GL per serving.
• Pineapple has a moderate GL, making portion size the key to keeping it blood-sugar-friendly.

Dinner
Cooking methods matter just as much as food choice. Potatoes, especially when mashed or baked hot, tend to have a high GI. The same potatoes served cooled (as in a potato salad with olive oil and vinegar) form more resistant starch, lowering their glycaemic effect.

Pasta is another example: al dente pasta has a lower GI than overcooked versions. Cooling and reheating pasta adds more resistant starch, too. Pairing pasta with plenty of non-starchy vegetables and lean protein helps reduce the overall meal GL even further.

How to Keep Both GI and GL in Check

You don’t need to memorize long tables — a few mindful habits go a long way:

• Mind your portions: Even moderate-GI foods become high-GL events if you double or triple your serving.
• Choose minimally processed carbs: Intact grains, beans, and whole fruit digest more slowly.
• Pair carbs with protein, fat, and fiber: This slows gastric emptying and blunts glucose spikes — a principle proven repeatedly in clinical studies.
• Use cooking techniques to your advantage: Cook, cool, and reheat starchy foods to boost resistant starch and flatten your post-meal curve.
• Personalize your approach: Check your glucose two hours after eating to learn how your body responds — that’s your unique threshold.

GI gives you speed. GL gives you impact.
Together, they tell the complete story. For those living with diabetes — and anyone aiming for balanced blood sugars — keeping both in mind helps make food choices that are practical, flexible, and empowering. By combining knowledge with portion awareness and high-fiber, minimally processed carbs, you can manage your glucose naturally and enjoy your meals — without restriction, but with understanding.

If there’s one nutrition tool I always keep close, it’s soluble fiber — and psyllium husk is one of my favorites. It’s simple, affordable, and surprisingly powerful when it comes to supporting gut health, heart health, blood sugar control, and even weight management.

Why Psyllium Works
Think of psyllium as a “gentle broom” for your digestive tract. Once mixed with water, it swells up, creating a gel-like substance that helps things move smoothly through your gut — easing constipation and keeping you regular.
It also acts as a prebiotic, feeding the good bacteria in your gut. A happy gut means better digestion, a stronger immune system, and even more stable mood and energy levels.

Heart & Blood Sugar Benefits
Soluble fiber, like psyllium, binds to cholesterol in the gut and helps remove it — a natural way to lower LDL (“bad”) cholesterol. It also slows down how quickly carbohydrates are absorbed, which helps stabilize blood sugar and reduce those post-meal energy crashes.

How Much & How Often?
Most adults need about 25–35 g of fiber per day, but few reach it. One tablespoon (16 g) of psyllium gives you around 6 g of fiber, making it an easy way to “top up” your daily total. Clinical research supports 3.5–5.4 g twice daily before meals for improving blood sugar and cholesterol levels.

Tips for Using Psyllium Safely

• Start slowly to prevent bloating or gas.
• Always drink plenty of water — psyllium absorbs it in the gut.
• If you have kidney disease, phenylketonuria, or a history of bowel obstruction, speak to your dietitian first.

​Bottom Line: Adding psyllium husk to your day can be a small change with big benefits — a simple spoonful that supports your gut, heart, and overall well-being.

Living with diabetes is no small task. It’s estimated that people with diabetes make up to 180 more decisions each day about their health than someone without diabetes. That’s 180 extra thoughts, choices, and moments of self-management — every single day. It’s no wonder that diabetes can feel overwhelming at times.

From planning meals and timing medications to managing stress, fitting in exercise, and keeping up with health appointments, diabetes can sometimes feel like a full-time job. It’s important to acknowledge this — having diabetes is not easy. But with the right guidance and support, you can absolutely live well and thrive with diabetes.

As a dietitian, I love helping people find their way with diabetes management — making it simpler, more personal, and far less confusing. There’s so much “food noise” out there, and it’s easy to feel lost in all the advice. But you don’t have to figure it out alone. With the right healthcare team beside you, you can achieve optimal diabetes management that fits your life, not the other way around.

Be Kind to Yourself.
First and foremost, remember that diabetes is not about perfection — it’s about progress. Your blood glucose levels will fluctuate. That’s normal. They respond to food, activity, stress, hydration, and even the weather. Instead of aiming for constant perfection, focus on learning from patterns and experiences. Each reading, each meal, and each day gives you valuable information about how your body responds.

Try to let go of unrealistic expectations. Be gentle with yourself and celebrate the small victories. Over time, these small moments of progress add up to big changes.

Find the Right Healthcare Team for You
Managing diabetes is a team effort — and you deserve a team that truly listens and supports you. Finding the right healthcare professional can be like finding the right pair of shoes — it might take a few tries to find the perfect fit. Look for people who communicate well, who listen without judgment, and who involve you in decision-making. Your healthcare team should empower you, not overwhelm you. This might include your doctor, diabetes nurse educator, dietitian, pharmacist, and even a psychologist. Together, they can help you manage not just your glucose levels, but your overall wellbeing.

Set Small, Achievable Goals
Success in diabetes management comes from setting realistic, sustainable goals. Try using the SMART approach — goals that are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Timed.
For example:

• “I will include vegetables at two meals per day this week.”
• “I’ll go for a 15-minute walk after lunch three times this week.”

These might seem simple, but they’re powerful stepping stones. Write them down, track your progress, and celebrate your wins — no matter how small they feel.

Understanding Diabetes Distress
If you’ve ever felt exhausted, frustrated, or anxious about managing diabetes, you’re not alone. Diabetes distress is real — it’s the emotional weight that comes with living with a chronic condition that demands constant attention. When this stress builds up, it can affect motivation and self-care. Recognizing these feelings is the first step toward managing them. You don’t have to push through alone — reaching out for support is a sign of strength, not weakness.

Where to Get Help

• Lean on your support network. Family and friends can help share the load — sometimes just talking about what you’re going through makes all the difference.
• Connect with others living with diabetes. Peer support can be incredibly powerful — hearing how others cope can give you new strategies and hope.
• Talk to your healthcare team. If diabetes distress is affecting your daily life, ask your doctor about a referral to a psychologist under a mental health care plan. Emotional health is a vital part of diabetes management.

You don’t have to manage diabetes alone, and you don’t have to strive for perfection. With the right team, realistic goals, and self-compassion, you can build a routine that feels sustainable and empowering. Every step you take — every meal you plan, every walk you go on, every check-in with your healthcare team — is a step toward better health and a better quality of life. Remember: Diabetes management isn’t about doing it perfectly. It’s about doing it together.

Click here if you could do with a one-on-one consultation where I can guide you toward optimal diabetes management strategies that fit your life. I Look forward to guiding you each step of the way! 

Hey, to the ultimate couch potatoes out there! Do you want to know how to stay healthy without breaking too much of a sweat? Well, you’re in luck, because I have some amazing news for you: You don’t need to exercise as much as you think!

According to some recent studies, you only need as little as 53.6 minutes of vigorous physical activity per week to improve your health and lower your risk of heart disease and cancer. That’s less than an hour of intense exercise per week! And it doesn’t matter what kind of exercise you do, as long as it gets your heart rate up and makes you breathe hard.

So, how can you squeeze in some vigorous physical activity in your busy schedule? Here are some easy and fun ways to do it:

• Run for 10 minutes every day. You can do it while listening to your favourite podcast, catching up on the latest gossip, or pretending you’re being chased by zombies.
• Join a HIIT class. These are short but intense workouts that will make you burn calories like crazy. You can find them online, at your local gym, or even on your phone. Just be prepared to sweat a lot and feel awesome afterwards.
• Dance like no one is watching. Put on some music and let loose for 15 minutes. You can do it alone, with a partner, or with your friends. Just make sure you don’t knock over any furniture or step on any toes.
• Play a sport that you enjoy. Whether it’s soccer, basketball, tennis, or something else, playing a sport can be a great way to get your heart pumping and have some fun. You can join a team, find a partner, or play solo. Just don’t forget to keep score and celebrate your wins.
• Do some household chores. Yes, you heard that right. Cleaning, gardening, mowing the lawn, and other chores can count as vigorous physical activity if you do them fast enough. Just don’t use any shortcuts or machines that do the work for you. And don’t forget to reward yourself with a treat afterwards.

These are just some examples of how you can achieve your minimum physical activity goals in a week. Of course, if you want to do more than the minimum, that’s great too! The more you exercise, the more benefits you’ll get. But if you’re looking for the least amount of effort for the most amount of reward, then these studies have some good news for you: A little vigorous activity can go a long way toward improving your health.

But before you get too excited and cancel your gym membership, we have to remind you that these studies are not the final word on exercise and health. These studies only show a link between exercise and health outcomes, not a cause and effect relationship. That means that there could be other factors that influence the results, such as genetics, diet, lifestyle, or even luck. So, don’t take these findings as gospel, but rather as a motivation to get moving.

So, what are you waiting for? Get off the couch and get moving! Even just a little :) You’ll be surprised by how much better you’ll feel with just a little bit of vigorous physical activity per week.
 
Reference:
Matthew N Ahmadi and others, Vigorous physical activity, incident heart disease, and cancer: how little is enough?, European Heart Journal, Volume 43, Issue 46, 7 December 2022, Pages 4801–4814, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac572

Cravings for junk food can be a major obstacle to maintaining a healthy diet and managing diabetes. But there are several scientifically supported strategies that can help you overcome these cravings and develop healthier eating habits.

Understand the underlying causes
The first step to overcoming cravings is to understand what's causing them. Are you craving junk food when you're stressed, bored, or tired? Once you know the triggers, you can start to develop strategies to deal with them.

Balance blood sugar levels
Eating regular meals and snacks that are balanced in protein, fiber, and healthy fats can help to keep your blood sugar levels stable, which can help to reduce cravings. This is especially important for people with diabetes, as high blood sugar levels can lead to cravings.

Prioritize protein, fiber, and healthy fats
Protein, fiber, and healthy fats all have a significant impact on satiety, which means they can help you feel full and satisfied. This can help to reduce cravings for unhealthy foods. Some good sources of protein for people with diabetes include lean meat, poultry, fish, eggs, beans, and lentils. Good sources of fiber include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and nuts. Healthy fats include avocados, nuts, and seeds.

Stay hydrated
Dehydration can sometimes be mistaken for hunger or cravings. Make sure to drink plenty of water throughout the day to stay hydrated. This is especially important for people with diabetes, as dehydration can lead to high blood sugar levels.

Plan your meals and snacks
Planning your meals and snacks in advance can help you make healthier choices and avoid impulsive snacking on junk food. Stock your pantry and fridge with healthy options so you have something to grab when you're hungry. This will help you avoid reaching for unhealthy foods when you're feeling peckish.

Practice mindful eating
Mindful eating is the practice of paying attention to your food and your body's response to it. When you eat mindfully, you're more likely to notice when you're full and less likely to overeat. This is an important skill for people with diabetes, as it can help you manage your blood sugar levels.

Manage stress levels
Stress can lead to emotional eating and cravings for comfort foods, including junk food. Find healthy ways to manage stress, such as exercise, relaxation techniques, or meditation. This will help you reduce your cravings and improve your overall health.

Get enough sleep
Inadequate sleep has been linked to increased cravings for high-calorie and sugary foods. Aim for 7-9 hours of sleep each night to help regulate your appetite and cravings. This is especially important for people with diabetes, as poor sleep can lead to high blood sugar levels.

Allow mindful indulgence
Completely depriving yourself of your favorite foods can sometimes backfire, leading to intensified cravings and potential binge eating episodes. Instead, allow yourself to enjoy small portions of your favorite foods occasionally, mindfully savoring each bite. This will help you reduce your cravings and maintain a healthy relationship with food.

Seek support
Changing eating habits and overcoming cravings can be challenging. Consider seeking support from a registered dietitian, who can provide personalized guidance and help you develop a tailored plan to manage your cravings effectively.

Remember, it takes time and effort to overcome cravings for junk food. Be patient with yourself, celebrate small victories, and focus on making long-term sustainable changes to your eating habits.

Here are some additional tips that may help you overcome cravings for junk food:

• Identify your triggers. What are the things that typically trigger your cravings? Once you know what your triggers are, you can start to develop strategies to deal with them.
• Keep healthy snacks on hand. This way, you'll have something to reach for when you're feeling hungry or stressed.
• Make healthy changes gradually. Don't try to change everything about your diet overnight. Start by making small changes that you can stick with over time.
• Be patient. It takes time to break old habits and form new ones. Don't get discouraged if you don't see results immediately.

Overcoming cravings for junk food is possible with time, effort, and patience. By following the tips in this blog post, you can start to make progress towards a healthier diet and better management of your diabetes.

Here are some key tips to help you lower your blood sugar levels:

Exercise regularly 
Engage in activities like brisk walking, weightlifting, swimming, or dancing to increase insulin sensitivity and help your muscles use blood sugar for energy. Try incorporating short exercise breaks throughout the day, known as "exercise snacks," to prevent blood sugar spikes.Example: Consider taking short breaks every 30 minutes to engage in light walking or simple resistance exercises like squats or leg raises.

Manage your carbohydrate intake
Controlling your carb portions and choosing whole grains over processed ones can help you plan your meals better and reduce blood sugar spikes. Remember everyone is different, monitoring your blood sugar levels will allow you to gage whether your carbohydrate portions are appropriate for you, i.e. Did the carb containing spike your blood sugars or not? Example: Prioritize whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and legumes in your diet while being mindful of your overall carb intake.

Eat more fiber
Include high-fiber foods like vegetables, fruits, legumes, and whole grains in your meals to slow down carb digestion and promote more stable blood sugar levels.
Example: Add a serving of vegetables and legumes to your meals and include whole fruits as snacks.

Drink water and stay hydrated
Staying hydrated helps flush out excess sugar through urine and may lower the risk of high blood sugar levels.
Example: Aim to drink water regularly throughout the day and limit sugary drinks.

Implement portion control
Monitoring your serving sizes can help regulate calorie intake and prevent blood sugar spikes.
Example: Use smaller plates, measure and weigh your portions, and keep a food journal to track your intake.

Choose foods with a low glycemic index
Opt for low GI foods such as whole grains, lentils, non-starchy vegetables, and unsweetened Greek yogurt, as they have a gentler impact on blood sugar levels.
Example: Replace refined grains with whole grains and include legumes in your meals.

Try to manage your stress levels
Engage in stress-reducing activities like exercise, relaxation techniques, yoga, or mindfulness-based stress reduction to help maintain healthy blood sugar levels.
Example: Incorporate regular exercise, meditation, or deep breathing exercises into your routine.

Monitor your blood sugar levels
Regularly check your blood glucose levels to understand how your body responds to different foods and activities, allowing you to make necessary adjustments.
Example: Use a portable blood glucose meter (glucometer) or continuous glucose meter (CGM) to measure your levels and keep a log to track your progress.

Get enough quality sleep
Aim for 7-8 hours of high-quality sleep per night to support blood sugar regulation and overall health.
Example: Follow a consistent sleep schedule, create a bedtime routine, and limit screen time before bed.
​
Remember to consult with your healthcare team, including your registered dietitian, before making any significant changes to your lifestyle or trying new supplements, especially if you have difficulties managing blood sugar levels or are taking medications. By implementing these tips, you can actively manage your blood sugar levels and promote overall well-being.

Insulin is an essential medication for individuals living with diabetes to manage their blood glucose levels effectively. However, some people using insulin may experience weight gain as a side effect, which can be concerning. In this article, we will explore the factors contributing to weight gain and provide practical tips to help individuals with diabetes on insulin therapy avoid excess weight gain.

Factors Contributing to Weight Gain

Several factors can influence weight gain in individuals using insulin for diabetes management. These factors include age, sex, height, insulin resistance, genetic makeup, family history, ethnicity, diet, and exercise habits.

How Insulin Contributes to Weight Gain

Insulin therapy can cause weight gain due to the body's improved glucose absorption, leading to the conversion of excess glucose into fat. Moreover, individuals on insulin might eat more to prevent hypoglycemia, resulting in increased calorie consumption and subsequent weight gain. It's important to note that weight gain might occur as a result of improved glycemic control, which is a positive outcome of insulin therapy.

Tips to Avoid Excessive Weight Gain while Using Insulin
​

1. Track your calorie intake: Overeating can contribute to weight gain. Fear of hypoglycemia or experiencing regular hypoglycemic events can lead to overeating. Monitoring your calorie intake and maintaining a balanced diet can help manage weight effectively. Consult a registered dietitian to calculate the appropriate daily calorie, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake for your health needs and goals.
2. Track your total carbohydrate intake: Managing your overall carbohydrate intake is crucial, as it plays a significant role in preventing hypoglycemia. Consult your healthcare team to determine the appropriate insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio for you. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels and maintaining a food diary can aid in adjusting insulin dosages and preventing hypoglycemia.
3. Choose low-glycemic index foods: Including low-glycemic index (GI) foods in your meal plan promotes stable blood glucose control. These foods cause a slower, steadier increase in blood glucose levels. Remember to control portion sizes of carbohydrate-rich foods, even if they have a low GI, to match your recommended calorie intake and insulin dose for better glucose control.
4. Exercise regularly: Regular physical activity can reduce insulin resistance and aid in weight loss. Before starting an exercise program, consult your doctor, especially if you have any underlying health conditions. Engage in activities such as aerobic exercises, strength training, or kickboxing, based on your condition and preferences.
5. Prioritize good sleep: Quality sleep and adequate duration are essential for insulin sensitivity and glycemic control. Short sleep duration and poor sleep quality can lead to increased levels of the stress hormone cortisol, which causes insulin resistance. Improving sleep hygiene and addressing sleep-related issues can positively impact weight management.
6. Practice stress management: Chronic stress has been linked to insulin resistance and inflammation in the body. Implement stress management techniques such as mindfulness, meditation, deep breathing exercises, or engaging in hobbies to help reduce stress levels. These practices can promote better insulin sensitivity and aid in weight management.

While insulin therapy is crucial for diabetes management, it is important to address weight gain concerns. Monitoring calorie and carbohydrate intake, choosing low-glycemic index foods, engaging in regular exercise, prioritizing good sleep, and practicing stress management can help individuals on insulin therapy avoid excess weight gain. Collaborate closely with your healthcare team, including your dietitian, to adjust your treatment plan and insulin dosages based on blood glucose levels, diet, and activity levels. By adopting a comprehensive approach to diabetes management, you can maintain a healthy weight while effectively managing your blood sugar levels. 

Cravings for junk food can be a significant hurdle when trying to maintain a healthy diet. While it may be challenging, there are several scientifically supported strategies that can help you overcome these cravings and develop healthier eating habits. Here are some top tips to help you stop craving junk food:

Most importantly, understand the underlying causes: Cravings for junk food can stem from various factors, including emotional triggers, habits, and physiological responses. It's essential to recognize the root cause of your cravings to address them effectively. Keep a food diary to identify patterns, emotions, or situations that trigger your cravings.

Secondly balancing blood sugar levels will drastically reduce overall cravings. By optimizing your meals with a balanced approach you will ensure that your diet not only contains a variety of nutrient dense foods but also eliminate the unnecessary cravings due to cutting out whole food groups. Focus on consuming adequate amounts of lean proteins, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats. Monitor your blood sugar levels, and try to keep them relatively stable avoiding large peaks and dips.

Prioritize protein, fiber & healthy fats: Protein, fiber, healthy fats have a significant impact on satiety and can help control cravings. I like to compare protein, healthy fats and fiber-rich foods to quality long burning firewood, they ensure that you have longer sustained energy release. By including lean protein sources such as poultry, fish, tofu, legumes, and dairy products in your meals and snacks can keep you feeling fuller for longer. Healthy fats, such as those found in avocados, nuts, and seeds, can help you feel full and satisfied. They can also help to improve your mood and cognitive function. Additionally, consuming fiber-rich foods like vegetables, whole grains, and fruits can help reduce cravings by promoting digestive health and stabilizing blood sugar levels.

Stay hydrated: Dehydration can sometimes be mistaken for hunger or cravings. Make sure to drink enough water throughout the day to stay adequately hydrated. Try to drink around 6-8 cups of water per day, but individual needs may vary. Herbal tea, without any additions such as sugar, is a great way to stay hydrated in winter months when one might tend to drink less water.

Plan your meals and snacks: Planning your meals and snacks in advance can help you make healthier choices and avoid impulsive snacking on junk food. Stock your pantry and fridge with nutritious options, such as pre-cut vegetables, fresh fruits, yogurt, boiled eggs, lean cold cut meats, lean biltong, cottage cheese and wholegrain or seeded crackers, air popped popcorn and nuts. When hunger strikes, you'll have healthier alternatives readily available.

Regular small snacks can help: When you're hungry, you're more likely to reach for unhealthy foods. Aim to eat every 3-4 hours, and make sure your meals and snacks are balanced and nutritious. Listen to your body.

Practice mindful eating: Engage in mindful eating by paying attention to your hunger and fullness cues, as well as savouring the flavours, textures, and smells of your food. Slow down and take your time while eating, and try to minimize distractions. Mindful eating can help you develop a better relationship with food and reduce cravings for unhealthy options. Its been said that we overeat, “not because we enjoy food too much, we overeat because we don’t enjoy it enough!”. Take your time with your meals.

Manage stress levels: Stress can lead to emotional eating and cravings for comfort foods, including junk food. The catch 22 is, we tend to feel worse after over indulging in typical “comfort foods”. Find healthy ways to manage stress, such as regular exercise, relaxation techniques, meditation, or engaging in hobbies you enjoy. Developing effective stress-management strategies can help reduce cravings triggered by emotional factors. Get professional help from a psychologist if needed.

Get enough sleep: Inadequate sleep has been linked to increased cravings for high-calorie and sugary foods. Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep each night to support your overall well-being and help regulate your appetite and cravings. Sleep deprivation also contributes to decreased levels of leptin, a hormone that regulates hunger and satiety, and increased levels of ghrelin, a hormone that stimulates appetite which is likely to increase cravings and contribute to overeating.

Allow mindful indulgence: Completely depriving yourself of your favourite foods can sometimes backfire, leading to intensified cravings and potential binge eating episodes. Instead, allow yourself to enjoy small portions of your favourite indulgent foods occasionally, mindfully savouring each bite. Moderation is key to maintaining a balanced and sustainable approach to healthy eating.

Seek support: Changing eating habits and overcoming cravings can be challenging. Consider seeking support from a registered dietitian, who can provide personalized guidance and help you develop a tailored plan to manage your cravings effectively.

Remember, it takes time and effort to overcome cravings for junk food. Be patient with yourself, celebrate small victories, and focus on making long-term sustainable changes to your eating habits.

As a registered dietitian, I cannot stress enough the importance of early detection of type 2 diabetes. Many of the early warning signs can easily be dismissed as normal everyday occurrences, but these seemingly minor symptoms should not be taken lightly.

The early warning signs of type 2 diabetes include fatigue, increased thirst, and the need to wake up at night to pass urine. These symptoms may seem insignificant, but they could be an indication of an underlying issue. If you or someone you know is experiencing any of these symptoms, it's essential to encourage them to get tested right away, even more so if you have a strong family history of diabetes! 

If left untreated, type 2 diabetes can lead to serious complications. It can cause hyperglycaemic coma, acute renal failure, blindness, high blood pressure, and even limb amputation. The good news is that a simple finger prick test can provide results within seconds. 

If you're wondering whether you should  get tested for type 2 diabetes, consider the following questions:

• Are you overweight or obese?
• Are you over the age of 45?
• Do you have a close family member with diabetes?
• Have you  previously been diagnosed with high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or polycystic ovarian syndrome?
• Have you  been feeling unusually tired lately?
• Have you been drinking a lot more water than usual?
• Do you need to pass urine more often, especially at night?
• Is your vision blurred?
• Have you gained or lost weight without any major change in lifestyle?

​If you answers yes to one or more of these questions, I would encourage you to completing a screening / finger prick test. Early detection of type 2 diabetes is key to managing the condition successfully. Diet and lifestyle changes can help prevent and manage type 2 diabetes, but it's essential to catch it early to avoid irreversible damage. 

Insulin resistance is when your cells and muscles become less responsive to insulin. This means that your body needs to produce more insulin to achieve blood glucose control. As you become more insulin resistant, your body will need to produce more and more insulin until your pancreas can't keep up. This can lead to high blood sugar levels, ultimately diabetes, which can cause a range of health issues.

So, what causes insulin resistance? A few factors can contribute to it, including excess body fat (especially around the waist), unhealthy diet, smoking, lack of exercise, and too much alcohol.

While there aren't many symptoms of insulin resistance, it's important to be aware of the risk factors. Age and ethnicity can increase your risk, as can having excess body fat.

But don't worry – there are things you can do to reduce your insulin resistance and improve your health. The most important step is to lose weight, especially around your stomach (visceral body fat). 

In addition to weight loss, making healthy food choices can also help. Strict, ridged & unsustainable diets that only focus on what you can't eat, is not the answer. Instead, your focus needs to shift to understanding what "healthy lifestyle" change really entails. Its about balance, including less processed foods most of the time, whilst enjoying the odd indulgence.  Consistency is key! What you eat 80% of the time is what is going to make a difference. Use an app to track your calories and macros, better yet consult with a registered dietitian to guide you step by step and formulate a plan specifically for you! 

Exercise is also crucial for reducing insulin resistance. Minimum recommendation are 150 minutes moderate intensity exercise per week (30 minutes 5 days a week or almost and hour, 3 days a week). Include a mix of aerobic and resistance training.

By making these lifestyle changes, you can reduce your risk of developing cardiovascular disease, type-2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). And yes, it is possible to reverse insulin resistance with these lifestyle changes.
​
Remember, taking care of your health is a journey, and I'm here to support you every step of the way. If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to reach out.